Which of the following is considered an indirect activity in the value chain?

In the context of the value chain, the classification of activities into direct and indirect categories is fundamental for understanding how a business creates value. Direct activities are those that contribute directly to the production and delivery of a product or service, while indirect activities support these direct processes but do not directly involve the actual production.

Human Resources is considered an indirect activity because it focuses on managing the workforce that contributes to the overall functioning of the organization. This includes recruiting, hiring, training, and managing employee relations—essential functions that ensure the organization has the right talent and skills available but does not directly create the product or service being offered.

In contrast, manufacturing is a direct activity because it involves the actual creation of products. Marketing directly affects how products are sold and perceived in the market, and distribution is directly related to delivering the finished products to customers. All of these direct activities are integral to generating revenue, while Human Resources plays a supportive role in ensuring those direct activities can be conducted effectively. Understanding this distinction helps in analyzing which parts of the business contribute directly to value creation and which enhance that capacity through support functions.